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Net qualified business losses across spouses before computing the QBI deduction #9568

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@PavelMakarchuk

qualified_business_income floors each person’s income at zero before tax-unit aggregation. A 2022 joint return with $400,000 wages, $200,000 qualified SE profit and a $100,000 spouse qualified SE loss yields a $39,464.37 deduction instead of $19,464.37, assuming sufficient business W-2 wages and no suspended losses.

Form 8995-A Schedule C requires qualified losses to offset other QBI: https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-prior/i8995a--2022.pdf#page=5

Preserve qualified losses through aggregation, including the interaction with separately modeled SSTB income and the QBI wage/property limit. Do not change partner test expectations just to absorb this change.

Verified against current main e3457b9 as well as the audited PE-US 2.6.17. Source-backed audit: https://github.com/PolicyEngine/policyengine-taxsim/blob/9549daf5/docs/scorp-source-review.md

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