feat: expand cybersecurity basics into a foundations curriculum

[jbvillegas]

Summary

I have updated the cybersecurity skill tree to provide a more balanced beginner-to-foundational learning path.

Changes implemented

• Renamed the tree to Cybersecurity Foundations
• Increased estimated completion time from 4 to 6 months
• Expanded the tree from 7 to 12 nodes
• Added:
  • Computer and Operating System Fundamentals
  • Networking Fundamentals
  • Security Foundations
  • Scripting and Automation
  • Web and Application Fundamentals
  • Defensive Security and Monitoring
• Restored Network Security as a separate stage after Networking Fundamentals
• Improved Incident Response and Forensics coverage
• Narrowed Offensive Security to introductory, authorized testing
• Kept OSINT and Cryptography as optional branches
• Removed unavailable YouTube resources
• Corrected the OSINT Framework URL
• Added resources from TryHackMe, Cisco, MDN, MITRE ATT&CK, Bellingcat, CryptoHack, and Malware-Traffic-Analysis.net
• Updated all prerequisites and graph edges

Validation

• JSON parsing passed
• Schema-compatible node and resource structure verified
• totalNodes matches the node count
• All prerequisites have corresponding graph edges
• No dangling node references
• Final tree contains 12 nodes, 25 edges, and 15 resources

Files changed:

• cybersecurity-basics.json

CHANGELOD.md

I have also added an entry with a description of these changes to the "Unreleased" section inCHANGELOG.md as stablished in the contribution guidelines.

[vercel]

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